1. Uhlolojikelele Lokushintsha Ukunikezwa kwamandla
Ukushintsha ukunikezwa kwamandlaiyidivaysi yokuguqula amandla kagesi enemvamisa ephezulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintshayo noma isiguquli esishintshayo. Ishintsha i-voltage yokufaka ibe isignali ye-pulse ye-high-frequency ngokusebenzisa ishubhu eshintshayo enesivinini esikhulu, bese iguqula amandla kagesi ukusuka kwelinye uhlobo ukuya kwelinye ngokucubungulai-transformer, isifunda sokulungisa kabusha kanye nesekhethi yokuhlunga, futhi ekugcineni ithola i-voltage ye-DC ezinzile ephansi ye-ripple yokunikezwa kwamandla.
Ukushintsha ukunikezwa kwamandla kunezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuzinza okuhle, usayizi omncane, isisindo esilula, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, futhi kungashintshwa ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zamandla emishini ehlukene.
Ukushintshanisa ugesi sekusetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-automation yezimboni, ezokuxhumana namandla amasha. Emkhakheni we-automation yezimboni, ukushintsha kwamandla kagesi kunikeza ukusekelwa okuzinzile kwamandla emishini ehlukahlukene ye-automation ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuzinzile kwemishini.
Emkhakheni wezokuxhumana, ukushintshwa kwamandla kagesi kusetshenziswa kabanzi esiteshini esingenantambo, imishini yenethiwekhi, njll., ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokudluliselwa kwesignali kohlelo lokuxhumana nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuxhumana. Emkhakheni wamandla amasha, ukushintshwa kwamandla kagesi kudlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga nomoya, kusiza ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Ukushintsha ukunikezwa kwamandla cishe kwakhiwe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko: isekethe yokufaka, isiguquli, isifunda sokulawula, nesekhethi yokuphumayo. Okulandelayo umdwebo ojwayelekile webhulokhi yokushintsha kwamandla kagesi, ukwazi kahle kubalulekile ukuthi siqonde ukushintshwa kwamandla kagesi.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsiza zamandla ezishintshayo
Ukushintsha izinsiza zamandla zingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngamazinga ahlukene okuhlukanisa. Okulandelayo kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zokuhlukanisa:
1. Ukuhlelwa ngohlobo lwamandla okokufaka:
I-AC-DC eshintsha amandla kagesi: iguqula amandla e-AC abe amandla e-DC.
I-DC-DC eshintsha amandla kagesi: iguqula amandla e-DC abe enye i-voltage ye-DC.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa ngemodi yokusebenza:
Ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha okunomkhawulo owodwa: kuneshubhu yokushintsha eyodwa kuphela, elungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphansi.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha aphethwe kabili: kunamashubhu okushintsha amabili, alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa nge-topology:
Ngokuya nge-topology, ingahlukaniswa cishe nge-Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Flyback, Forward, Two-Transistor Forward, Push-Pull, Half Bridge, Full Bridge, njll. Lezi zindlela zokuhlukanisa ziyingxenye yazo. Ukushintsha izinsiza zamandla nazo zingahlukaniswa ngokuningiliziwe ngokwezinye izidingo ezithile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Okulandelayo, sizokwethula i-Flyback ne-Forward evame ukusetshenziswa. I-Flyback ne-Flyback yizindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokushintshanisa ugesi. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintshela phambili kubhekisela ekushintsheni kukagesi okusebenzisa isiguquli esinemvamisa ephezulu eya phambili ukuze sihlukanise amandla ahlanganisiwe, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha i-flyback okuhambisanayo wukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha i-flyback.
2.1 Dlulisela phambili ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi
Ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintshela phambili esakhiweni kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa amandla okukhiphayo aphezulu kakhulu, afaneleka ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha i-100W-300W, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ku-low-voltage, high-current switching power supply, esetshenziswa kabanzi.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi, ekushintsheni phambili kwamandla kagesi ikakhulukazi lapho ishubhu yokushintsha ivuliwe, i-transformer ephumayo isebenza njengento exhunywe ngokuqondile namandla kazibuthe, amandla kagesi namandla kazibuthe aguqulelwe komunye nomunye, ukuze okokufaka kanye nokuphumayo ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Kukhona futhi ukushiyeka ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke: njengesidingo sokwandisa ukujika okungase kube khona ukuhlehla (ukuvimbela ikhoyili eyinhloko ye-transformer ekhiqizwa amandla ahlehlayo ekuqhekekeni kweshubhu yokushintsha), i-inductor yesibili engaphezu kweyodwa yokuhlunga isitoreji samandla, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-flyback switching power supply, izindleko zayo ziphakeme, futhi ivolumu ye-transformer supply supply yamandla yokushintshela phambili kunomthamo we-flyback switching power supply transformer inkulu.
Dlulisela phambili ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi
2.2 Ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha i-Flyback
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha i-flyback kubhekisela ekunikezeni amandla okushintsha esebenzisa i-flyback high-frequency transformer ukuze ihlukanise amasekhethi okokufaka nokuphumayo. I-transformer yayo ayidlali nje kuphela indima yokuguqula i-voltage ukuze idlulise amandla, kodwa futhi idlala indima ye-inductor yokugcina amandla. Ngakho-ke, i-flyback transformer ifana nomklamo we-inductor. Wonke amasekhethi alula futhi kulula ukuwalawula. I-Flyback isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamandla aphansi we-5W-100W.
Ukuze uthole ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha i-flyback, lapho ishubhu yokushintsha ivuliwe, okwamanje kwe-inductor eyinhloko ye-transformer iyakhuphuka. Njengoba ikhoyili ephumayo yesekethe ye-flyback ineziphetho eziphambene, i-diode yokuphumayo ivaliwe, i-transformer igcina amandla, futhi umthwalo unikezwa amandla yi-capacitor ephumayo. Lapho i-tube yokushintsha ivaliwe, i-voltage ye-inductive ye-inductor eyinhloko ye-transformer iguqulwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-diode yokuphuma ivuliwe, futhi amandla e-transformer anikezwa kumthwalo nge-diode, ngenkathi ishaja i-capacitor.
I-Flyback switching power supply
Kusukela ekuqhathaniseni, kungabonakala ukuthi i-transformer ye-excitation yangaphambili inomsebenzi we-transformer kuphela, futhi yonke ingabhekwa njengesifunda se-buck ne-transformer. I-Flyback transformer ingathathwa njenge-inductor enomsebenzi we-transformer, isifunda sokuthuthukisa i-buck-boost. Ngokuvamile, isimiso sokusebenza se-flyback eya phambili sihlukile, phambili kuwumsebenzi oyinhloko wesibili, owesibili awusebenzi ne-inductor yamanje ukuvuselela imodi yamanje, ngokuvamile ye-CCM.
Isici samandla ngokuvamile asiphezulu, futhi okokufaka nokukhiphayo kanye nomjikelezo womsebenzi oguquguqukayo uyalingana. I-Flyback iwumsebenzi oyinhloko, owesibili awusebenzi, izinhlangothi ezimbili ngokuzimela, ngokuvamile imodi ye-DCM, kodwa i-inductance ye-transformer izoba yincane, futhi isidingo sokwengeza igebe lomoya, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kufanelekile amandla amancane naphakathi.
I-transformer eya phambili ilungile, ayikho isitoreji samandla, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-excitation inductance iyinani elilinganiselwe, i-excitation current yenza umnyombo ube mkhulu, ukuze ugweme ukugcwala kwe-flux, i-transformer idinga ukuvuthwa okuyisizayo ukuze kumiswe kabusha i-flux.
I-Flyback transformer ingabonwa njengohlobo lwe-inductance ehlanganisiwe, i-inductance isitoreji samandla sokuqala bese ikhishwa, ngenxa yokufaka kwe-flyback transformer kanye nokuphuma kwamandla okuphambene ne-polarity, ngakho-ke lapho ishubhu yokushintsha inqanyulwa, eyesibili ingahlinzekaumgogodla kazibuthenge-voltage yokusetha kabusha, futhi ngaleyo ndlela isiguquli se-flyback asidingi ukwengeza ukugeleza kabusha kokusetha kabusha kwe-flux.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-29-2024