Isitimela se-maglev esinesivinini esikhulu esisebenza e-Shanghai isitimela se-maglev esingu-TR08 esingeniswe sisuka eJalimane, sisebenzisa injini ehambisanayo enomugqa omude kanye nesistimu yokudonswa kwe-conduction eqhubekayo. Isistimu yayo yokudonsa amandla iboniswa kuMfanekiso 1, futhi iqukethe izingxenye eziyinhloko njenge-high-voltage transformer (110kv/20kv), i-input transformer, i-input converter, inverter, kanye ne-output transformer.
Isistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla edonsayo yesitimela se-maglev iguqulwa isuka ku-voltage yegridi engu-110kv iye ku-20kv ngesiguquli esinamandla kagesi aphezulu, bese siguqulelwa ku-voltage ye-DC engu-±2500v isiguquli esingenayo nesiguquli esingenayo. Amandla kagesi e-DC asuka kusixhumanisi se-DC aguqulwa abe amandla ezigaba ezintathu ze-AC anefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo (0~300Hz), i-amplitude eguquguqukayo (0~×4.3kv), kanye ne-engeli yesigaba elungisekayo (0~360°) ngezigaba ezintathu. -i-inverter ekhomba.Isiguquli sokudonsa sesitimela se-maglev sinezindlela ezimbili zokusebenza:
(1) Imodi eqondile yokuphuma kwe-inverter pulse wide modulation iyindlela yokuphuma lapho injini isebenza ngemvamisa ephansi, nemvamisa yokushintsha engu-0 ~ 70Hz. Ngalesi sikhathi, amasethi amabili ama-inverters anamaphuzu amathathu axhunywe ngokufanayo, futhi okukhiphayo kuxhunywe ngokuvunguza okuyinhloko kwe-transformer ephumayo njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuvala okuyinhloko kwe-transformer okukhiphayo kulingana ne-a. parallel balancing reactor, futhi idlala indima yokuhlunga.
(2) Imodi yokuphuma kwe-Transformer iyindlela yokuphuma lapho injini isebenza kumafrikhwensi aphezulu, nemvamisa yokushintsha engu-30Hz ~ 300Hz. Ngalesi sikhathi, amasethi amabili ama-inverters kusiguquli se-traction esiyinhloko axhunywe ochungechungeni ohlangothini oluyinhloko lwe-transformer ephumayo, futhi okukhiphayo kuphuma ngemva kokuba i-transformer ephumayo ikhuphule i-voltage.
I-EFD transformer I-EI transformer Ukushintsha kwe-PQ
3.1 Isiguquli sokufaka
Isiteji esingaphambili se-converter yokufaka siqukethe i-high-voltage transformer kanye ne-input transformer. I-transformer yokufaka iqukethe ama-rectifier amabili, umsebenzi wawo uwukunciphisa i-voltage yegridi ye-voltage ephezulu nge-transformer yesibili bese uyithumela kusiguquleli sokufaka. Kuma-transformer anamandla amakhulu we-high-voltage rectifier, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokulungiswa, amasethi amabili amabhuloho alungisa ama-pulse angu-6 asetshenziswa. Isethi ngayinye yeziguquli ezilungisa izinto inikwa amandla amasethi amabili wamajika ezigaba ezintathu, ukuhlangana okungu-y kanye nokuhlangana kuka-d okukodwa. Isistimu yokuguqula i-static yamukela uhlelo lwama-transformer amathathu esigaba esisodwa anamawindi amathathu, axhunywe ukwenza uhlelo lwe-y/y, d group rectifier rectifier oluboniswe kuMfanekiso 2 ngoxhumo olunqunyiwe lwe-winding ngayinye. Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko yilezi:
(1) Amandla amancane ayisipele, ayonga kakhulu;
(2) Umthamo owodwa omncane, kulula ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhamba ngosayizi wedivayisi;
(3) Ama-windings amathathu angahlelwa kukholomu efanayo yomgogodla, okusiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-harmonic kwe-transformer.
Ukuze kulawulwe amandla kagesi esixhumanisi se-DC wesekethe emaphakathi futhi kwehliswe isasasa le-grid-side, isilungisi ngasinye sesistimu sakhiwe ibhuloho lesigaba sesithathu esinezigaba ezintathu elilawulwa ngokugcwele lokulungisa kanye nebhuloho elingalawulwa lesigaba sesithathu lesithupha. ochungechungeni, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Ngale ndlela, amasethi amabili okulungisa axhunywe ochungechungeni, futhi iphuzu eliphakathi lisekelwe ngokumelana okuphezulu (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1), kwakha isixhumanisi se-DC esingaba khona esingaba kathathu esiphakathi. . I-voltage yesixhumanisi se-DC iyalawuleka, kusukela ku-2×1500V kuya ku-2×2500V, kanti yamanje elinganiselwe ngu-3200A. Ukuze uthole i-DC yamanje ebushelelezi, i-reactor eshelelayo ixhunywe ochungechungeni kumjikelezo ophakathi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukuze kuvinjwe ibhuloho elilungisa kabusha kanye nesixhumanisi se-DC ekugezeni amandla, kwamukelwa ukuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage ohlangothini lwe-DC. Kuseyikethi emaphakathi yesixhumanisi se-DC, kukhona ama-thyristors kanye nama-resistors anamandla aphezulu anokuvikelwa kokukhipha njengamadivaysi e-DC side absorption ukuze acindezele ukugcwala ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo emaphakathi yesixhumanisi se-DC yesekethe emaphakathi isekelwe ngokuvikelwa okuphezulu kokumelana futhi inombukiso wephutha lomhlabathi.
3.2 I-inverter yokudonsa
(1) Isakhiwo se-inverter
Ukwakheka kwesigaba esisodwa ku-inverter yezigaba ezintathu ze-Shanghai Maglev Train kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Ishubhu eyinhloko isebenzisa idivayisi elawula ngokugcwele ye-GTO. Isekhethi eyinhloko ithatha amashubhu amabili amakhulu ochungechungeni nge-clamping diode endaweni emaphakathi. Lo mjikelezo ubizwa nangokuthi i-inverter enamaphuzu amathathu (noma i-midpoint eshumekiwe enamazinga amathathu). Lokhu kunganciphisa ishubhu eliyinhloko ukumelana ne-voltage ngesigamu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphansi kwemvamisa efanayo yokushintsha kanye nemodi yokulawula, ama-harmonics we-voltage ephumayo noma yamanje angaphansi kwalawo aleveli amabili, futhi i-voltage yemodi evamile ekhiqizwa i-voltage ephumayo ekugcineni kwemoto nayo incane. , okuzuzisa ukunweba impilo yesevisi yemoto.
Amashubhu amane amakhulu engalo yebhuloho lesigaba ngasinye anezinhlanganisela ezintathu ezihlukene zokuvala, futhi akhipha ama-voltage ahlukene ngokulandelana (bona Ithebula 1). I-voltage ephezulu ye-GTO eyinhloko ingu-4.5kV, kanti amandla amanje aphezulu ngu-4.3ka. I-inverter enamaphuzu amathathu idinga ukuthi i-V1 eyinhloko ne-V4 ayikwazi ukuvulwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ama-pulses okulawula we-V1 ne-V3, i-V2 ne-V4 aphikisana ngokulinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa okuyinhloko okungenhla kufanele kuhambisane nomgomo wokuvala kuqala bese kuqhubeke.
I-inverter enamazinga amathathu ithuthukiswa ngesisekelo se-inverter enamazinga amabili. Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula obuvuthiwe be-inverter enamazinga amabili ku-inverter yamazinga amathathu kuye kwakha amasu ahlukahlukene okulawula inverter. Njengamanje, amasu okulawula avuthiwe asetshenziselwa ama-inverters asezingeni amathathu yilawa: indlela yokulawula ishayela elilodwa, indlela yokulawula igagasi eliphindwe kabili le-SPWM ephezulu nephansi, indlela yokulawula ye-PWM engu-120°, indlela yokulawula ye-PWM engu-90° enyakazayo, ukuchezuka okungaba khona kwephuzu elingathathi hlangothi. ukucindezela indlela yokulawula i-PWM, ukushintsha indlela yokulawula i-PWM esezingeni eliphezulu, indlela ethile yokuqeda i-harmonic esezingeni eliphansi (i-SHEPWM), indlela yokulawula i-vector yesikhala se-inverter yamazinga amathathu (SVPWM) kanye nendlela yokulawula i-vector yesikhala ye-voltage ye-voltage [2,3] ].
(2) GTO drive circuit
I-high-power GTO drive circuit kumele iqale ixazulule izinkinga zokuzihlukanisa nokuphikisana nokuphazamiseka. Isiginali ye-Trigger pulse ye-GTO ku-inverter enkulu ye-traction ye-Shanghai Maglev Train idluliselwa ngentambo ye-fiber optical, ngakho-ke izinkinga zokuhlukaniswa nokuphikisana nokuphazanyiswa ziyaxazululwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwe-GTO i-trigger pulse futhi iqinisekisa ngokungaqondile ukuphepha kokushayela kwe-Maglev. Isitimela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihluthulelo sokuthi ingabe i-high-power GTO drive circuit ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile ilele ekunikezeni amandla. I-amplitude ye-GTO gate trigger pulse kufanele ibe phezulu ngokwanele, futhi umphetho wayo ophambili kufanele ube ummango, kuyilapho unqenqema olulandelanayo kufanele lube mnene. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nale mfuneko, ukunikezwa kwamandla okushayela isango le-GTO ku-inverter enkulu ye-traction ye-Maglev Train ingu-45V/27A, futhi isignali yonqenqema elandelanayo nesignali ye-voltage ye-GTO trigger pulse ibuyiselwa ohlelweni lokulawula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-inverter eyinhloko ye-traction ye-Shanghai Maglev Train isebenzisa ukuvikela okuhlukahlukene: ukuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage ye-brake circuit breaker, umkhawulo wamanje wokuvikela okudlulele, ukuphazamiseka kokushaya kwenhliziyo nokutholwa kwamaphutha aphansi.
(3) Isekhethi yokumuncwa
Kunamasekhethi amaningi okumuncwa we-GTO. Isekhethi yokumuncwa ye-inverter eyinhloko enamazinga amathathu e-Shanghai Maglev Train iboniswa kuMfanekiso 3. Isekhethi yokumuncwa kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi i-di/dt kanye ne-du/dt ye-GTO aweqi amanani avunyelwe ashiwo lapho ukusebenza. Ngale ndlela, umjikelezo wokumuncwa we-GTO kufanele ube ne-inductor kanye ne-capacitor C. Emfanekisweni 3, ama-inductors L1, L2 kanye ne-GTO axhunywe ochungechungeni ukuze akhawulele i-di/dt ye-GTO. Ama-diode i-D11, i-D12, i-resistor R1 kanye ne-inductor L1 yakha umjikelezo wokukhululwa kwamandla we-inductor ngokwayo. Ama-capacitor C11 kanye ne-C12 asetshenziselwa ukukhawulela i-du/dt ye-GTO, futhi ama-diode D12 kanye ne-D13 akha isekethe yokukhulula amandla ye-capacitor. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesifunda sokumuncwa kwe-RCD, isifunda sokumuncwa esingenhla sengeza i-capacitor C12 enkulu, ngakho-ke i-C11 yokuvala i-capacitor iyingxenye ye-capacitance value ye-RCD yokumunca isifunda, ngakho-ke ukulahlekelwa nakho kuyancipha ngesigamu; ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-capacitor C12 idlala indima ye-voltage clamping, esetshenziselwa ukucindezela i-overvoltage yokucisha ye-GTO. Ku-inverter engu-1500kva, ukulahleka kwalesi sikethi sokumuncwa kucishe kufane nalokho kwesekethe yokumuncwa kwe-asymmetric.
Uhlobo lwe-ER Transformer I-coupling yohlobo lwe-transformer 5V-36V Ferrite Core Transformer
4 Isiphetho
Isistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla edonsayo yesitimela se-maglev esinesivinini esikhulu sase-Shanghai sinezici ezilandelayo:
(1) Isebenzisa isivinini esikhulu esivamile se-synchronous motor. Lonke uhlelo lokuphakela amandla okudonsa lubekwe phansi futhi alukhawulelwe yisikhala somzimba wemoto, esihambisana nezinyathelo ezintathu ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuphakelwa kwamandla;
(2) Yamukela iphoyinti elingathathi hlangothi eliboshelwe ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula amazinga amathathu obufanele izikhathi ze-voltage ephezulu kanye namandla aphezulu, igwema ukuxhumeka okuqondile kochungechunge lwe-GTO thyristors, ukuze umthamo wamadivayisi kagesi anamandla aphezulu asetshenziswe ngokugcwele;
(3) Amasethi amabili amabhuloho alungisekayo we-12-pulse rectifier asetshenziswa kusiguquli sokufaka, esinganciphisi nje kuphela i-harmonics nokuphazamiseka, kodwa futhi sicindezela ukuchezuka kwamandla aphakathi nendawo;
(4) Ama-Thyristors nama-GTO asebenzisa izintambo ze-fiber optical ukuze adlulisele amasignali okushaya kwenhliziyo, anokusebenza okuphezulu kokumelana nokuphazamiseka. Isistimu yokulawula ukuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nokudonsa ingenye yezikhiye zokulawula ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwezitimela ze-maglev. Umgomo kanye nesakhiwo sawo kudinga ucwaningo nokuhlaziywa okwengeziwe.
I-Zhongshan XuanGe Electronics Co., Ltd. ingumkhiqizi ogxile kwi-R&D, ukukhiqiza nokudayisa.high and low frequency transformers, ama-inductorsfuthiIzinsiza zamandla omshayeli we-LED.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-30-2024