Ama-inductors emodi evamile,isetshenziswa kaningi ekushintsheni kwamandla ekhompyutha ukuhlunga amasiginali wokuphazamiseka kagesi wemodi evamile. Ekwakhiweni kwebhodi, i-inductor yemodi evamile iphinde idlale indima yokuhlunga kwe-EMI, esetshenziselwa ukucindezela imisebe yangaphandle kanye nokukhishwa kwamagagasi kagesi kagesi akhiqizwe imigqa yesignali yesivinini esikhulu.
Njengengxenye ebalulekile yezingxenye kazibuthe, ama-inductors asetshenziswa kabanzi kumasekethe kagesi kagesi. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile ikakhulukazi kumasekhethi kagesi. Okufana nokudluliswa kwe-electromagnetic kumishini yokulawula yezimboni namamitha wamandla kagesi (amamitha wehora le-watt) ezinhlelweni zamandla. Izihlungi ekugcineni okokufaka kanye nokuphumayo kokushintsha imishini yokuphakela amandla, amashuna kumaphethelo e-TV amukelayo nawokudlulisa, njll. zonke azihlukaniseki kuma-inductors. Imisebenzi eyinhloko yama-inductors kuma-circuits kagesi yilezi: ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukuhlunga, ukuminyanisa, i-resonance, njll. Ezingxenyeni zamandla, njengoba ama-circuits abhekana nokudluliswa kwamandla emisinga emikhulu noma ama-voltages aphezulu, ama-inductors ngokuvamile "amandla ohlobo lwamandla".
Impela ngenxa yokuthi i-inductor yamandla ihlukile kune-inductor encane yokucubungula isignali, i-topology yokushintsha kwamandla kagesi ihlukile ngesikhathi sokuklama, futhi indlela yokuklama nayo inezidingo zayo, okubangela ubunzima bokuklama.Ama-inductorskumasekhethi okuphakelwa kwamandla amanje asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlunga, ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukudluliswa kwamandla, nokulungiswa kwezinto zamandla. Idizayini ye-Inductor ihlanganisa izici eziningi zolwazi njengethiyori kagesi, izinto zikazibuthe, nemithetho yezokuphepha. Abaklami kudingeka babe nokuqonda okucacile kwezimo zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zepharamitha ezihlobene (njengamanje, i-voltage, imvamisa, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, njll.) ukuze benze izinqumo. Umklamo onengqondo kakhulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-inductors:
Ama-inductors angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe endaweni yawo yohlelo lokusebenza, isakhiwo somkhiqizo, ukuma, ukusetshenziswa, njll. Ngokuvamile, i-inductor design iqala ngokusetshenziswa nendawo yohlelo lokusebenza njengendawo yokuqala. Ekushintsheni amandla kagesi, ama-inductors angahlukaniswa abe:
Imodi Ejwayelekile Choke
Ukulungiswa Kwesici Samandla - PFC Choke
I-inductor ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe (Coupler Choke)
Inductor yokushelela isitoreji samandla (Smooth Choke)
Ikhoyili yeamplifier yamagnetic (Ikhoyili ye-MAG AMP)
Ama-inductors esihlungi semodi evamile adinga ukuthi amakhoyili amabili abe nevelu ye-inductance efanayo, i-impedance efanayo, njll., ngakho lolu hlobo lwama-inductors lwamukela amadizayini alinganayo, futhi izimo zawo ngokuvamile ziyi-TOROID, UU, ET kanye nezinye izimo.
Indlela ama-inductors emodi evamile asebenza ngayo:
I-inductor yokuhlunga yemodi evamile ibizwa nangokuthi ikhoyili yokuminyanisa yemodi evamile (lapha ebizwa ngokuthi i-inductor yemodi evamile noma i-CM.M.Choke) noma Isihlungi Solayini.
Ama-inductors esihlungi semodi evamile adinga ukuthi amakhoyili amabili abe nevelu ye-inductance efanayo, i-impedance efanayo, njll., ngakho lolu hlobo lwama-inductors lwamukela amadizayini alinganayo, futhi izimo zawo ngokuvamile ziyi-TOROID, UU, ET kanye nezinye izimo.
Indlela ama-inductors emodi evamile asebenza ngayo:
I-inductor yokuhlunga yemodi evamile ibizwa nangokuthi ikhoyili yokuminyanisa yemodi evamile (lapha ebizwa ngokuthi i-inductor yemodi evamile noma i-CM.M.Choke) noma Isihlungi Solayini.
Kweukushintsha ukunikezwa kwamandla, ngenxa yezinguquko ezisheshayo zamanje noma i-voltage ku-diode yokubuyisela, i-filter capacitor ne-inductor, imithombo yokuphazanyiswa kuka-electromagnetic (umsindo) iyakhiqizwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona nemisindo ye-harmonic ye-oda eliphezulu ngaphandle kwemvamisa yamandla ekunikezeni amandla okokufaka. Uma lezi ziphazamiso zingaqediwe, Ukucindezela kuzodala umonakalo wokulayisha impahla noma ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintshwa ngokwawo. Ngakho-ke, ama-ejensi alawula ukuphepha emazweni amaningana akhiphe imithetho mayelana nokukhishwa kwe-electromagnetic interference (EMI).
imithethonqubo yokulawula ehambisanayo. Njengamanje, imvamisa yokushintsha kwamandla okushintsha iya ngokuya iba phezulu, futhi i-EMI iya ngokuya iba mbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izihlungi ze-EMI kufanele zifakwe ekushintsheni amandla kagesi. Izihlungi ze-EMI kufanele zicindezele kokubili imodi evamile nomsindo wemodi evamile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile. ejwayelekile. Isihlungi semodi evamile sinesibopho sokuhlunga isignali yemodi yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwemigqa emibili ekugcineni kokufaka noma kokuphumayo, futhi isihlungi semodi evamile sinesibopho sokuhlunga isignali yokuphazamiseka yemodi evamile phakathi kwemigqa emibili yokufaka. Ama-inductors wemodi evamile angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezintathu: AC CM.M.CHOKE; I-DC CM.M.CHOKE kanye ne-SIGNAL CM.M.CHOKE ngenxa yezindawo zokusebenza ezihlukene. Kufanele zihlukaniswe lapho kwakhiwa noma kukhethwa. Kodwa umgomo wayo wokusebenza uyafana ncamashi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso (1):
Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, amasethi amabili amakhoyili anezikhombisi-ndlela ezihlukile alinyazwa eringini efanayo kazibuthe. Ngokomthetho weshubhu elivunguzayo elisesandleni sokudla, lapho i-voltage yemodi ehlukile ene-polarity ephambene kanye ne-amplitude yesiginali efanayo isetshenziswa kumatheminali okokufaka A no-B, Lapho , kukhona i-i2 yamanje ekhonjiswe emugqeni oqinile, kanye ne-flux kazibuthe. I-Φ2 eboniswe emugqeni oqinile ikhiqizwa kumongo kazibuthe. Inqobo nje uma ama-windings amabili ehambisana ngokuphelele, ukuguquguquka kazibuthe emikhondweni emibili ehlukene kumongo kazibuthe kuyakhansela ngaphandle. Isamba esiphelele sikazibuthe singuziro, i-coil inductance cishe iqanda, futhi awukho umthelela wokuphazamiseka kusiginali yemodi evamile. Uma isignali yemodi evamile ene-polarity efanayo ne-amplitude elinganayo isetshenziswa kumatheminali okokufaka A no-B, kuzoba khona i-i1 yamanje eboniswa ulayini onamachashazi, futhi ukuguquguquka kazibuthe Φ1 okuboniswa umugqa wamachashazi kuzokwenziwa kukazibuthe. umgogodla, khona-ke i-flux magnetic in the core will Bayoba nesiqondiso esifanayo futhi baqinisane, ukuze inani le-inductance lekhoyili ngayinye liphindwe kabili kunelo lapho likhona lodwa, kanye ne-XL =ωL. Ngakho-ke, ikhoyili yale ndlela yokusonta inomphumela oqinile wokucindezela ekuphazamisekeni kwemodi evamile.
Isihlungi sangempela se-EMI sakhiwe ngo-L no-C. Uma uklama, imodi yokuhlukanisa kanye namasekethe okucindezela imodi evamile ngokuvamile ahlanganiswa (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2). Ngakho-ke, umklamo kufanele usekelwe kusayizi we-capacitor yokuhlunga kanye nemithethonqubo yokuphepha edingekayo. Amazinga enza izinqumo ngamavelu e-inductor.
Emfanekisweni, i-L1, L2, ne-C1 zakha isihlungi semodi evamile, futhi i-L3, C2, ne-C3 zakha isihlungi semodi evamile.
Idizayini ye-Common Mode Inductor
Ngaphambi kokuklama i-inductor yemodi evamile, qala uhlole ukuthi ikhoyili kufanele ihambisane nalezi zimiso ezilandelayo:
1 > Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, ingqikithi kazibuthe ngeke igcwaliswe ngenxa yamanje yokunikezwa kwamandla.
I-2 > Kumelwe ibe ne-impedance enkulu eyanele yezimpawu zokuphazanyiswa kwe-high-frequency, umkhawulokudonsa othile, kanye nokuvinjelwa okuncane kwesignali yamanje ku-frequency yokusebenza.
I-3 > I-coefficient yokushisa ye-inductor kufanele ibe yincane, futhi i-capacitance esabalalisiwe kufanele ibe encane.
I-4>Ukumelana ne-DC kufanele kube kuncane ngangokunokwenzeka.
5>I-induction inductance kufanele ibe nkulu ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi inani le-inductance lidinga ukuzinza.
6 >I-insulation phakathi kwama-winding kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuphepha.
Izinyathelo zokuklama i-inductor yemodi evamile:
Isinyathelo 0 Ukutholwa kwe-SPEC: Ileveli evunyelwe ye-EMI, indawo yohlelo lokusebenza.
Isinyathelo 1 Thola inani le-inductance.
Isinyathelo sesi-2 Izinto eziwumongo kanye nemininingwane kunqunywa.
Isinyathelo sesi-3 Thola inani lamajika asongayo kanye nobubanzi bentambo.
Isinyathelo 4 Ukuqinisekisa
Isinyathelo 5Test
Izibonelo zokuklama
Isinyathelo 0: Isekhethi yesihlungi se-EMI njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 3
CX = 1.0 Uf Cy = 3300PF EMI ileveli: Fcc Class B
Uhlobo: I-Ac Common Mode Choke
Isinyathelo 1: Thola i-inductance (L):
Kungabonakala kumdwebo wesifunda ukuthi isignali yemodi evamile icindezelwa isihlungi semodi evamile esakhiwe i-L3, C2, ne-C3. Eqinisweni, i-L3, i-C2, ne-C3 zakha amasekhethi amabili ochungechunge lwe-LC, abamba umsindo wemigqa engu-L no-N ngokulandelanayo. Uma nje imvamisa yokunqanyulwa kwesifunda sokuhlunga kunqunywa futhi i-capacitance C iyaziwa, i-inductance L ingatholwa ngefomula elandelayo.
fo= 1/(2π√LC)L → 1/(2πfo)2C
Ngokuvamile umkhawulokudonsa wokuhlola we-EMI umi kanje:
Ukuphazamiseka okwenziwe: 150KHZ → 30MHZ (Qaphela: i-VDE ejwayelekile 10KHZ – 30M)
Ukuphazamiseka kwemisebe: 30MHZ 1GHZ
Isihlungi sangempela asikwazi ukuzuza ijika le-impedance eliwumqansa lesihlungi esifanele, futhi imvamisa yokusika ngokuvamile ingasethwa ku-50KHZ. Lapha, kucatshangwa ukuthi fo = 50KHZ, ke
L =1/(2πfo)2C = 1/ [( 2*3.14*50000)2 *3300*10-12] = 3.07mH
I-L1, L2, ne-C1 yakha isihlungi semodi evamile (iphasi eliphansi). Amandla phakathi kwemigqa ngu-1.0uF, ngakho-ke i-inductance yemodi evamile ithi:
L = 1/ [( 2*3.14*50000)2 *1*10-6] = 10.14uH
Ngale ndlela, inani le-inductance elidingekayo ngokwethiyori lingatholwa. Uma ufuna ukuthola i-frequency cut-off ephansi, ungaqhubeka unyuse inani le-inductance. Imvamisa yokusika ngokuvamile ayikho ngaphansi kuka-10KHZ. Ngokombono, ukuphakama kwe-inductance, umphumela wokucindezela we-EMI ube ngcono, kodwa i-inductance ephezulu kakhulu izokwenza i-cutoff frequency ibe phansi, futhi isihlungi sangempela singakwazi ukuzuza i-broadband ethile kuphela, okwenza umphumela wokucindezela womsindo we-high-frequency ube kubi kakhulu (ngokuvamile. Ingxenye yomsindo yokushintsha kwamandla kagesi icishe ibe ngu-5~10MHZ, kodwa kunezimo lapho idlula khona u-10MHZ). Ukwengeza, uma i-inductance iphezulu, yilapho ijika liba khona, noma ukuphakama kwe-ui ye-CORE, okuzokwenza ukuthi i-impedance ye-low-frequency ikhule (i-DCR iba nkulu). Njengoba inani lokujika likhula, amandla asabalalisiwe nawo ayanda (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4), okuvumela wonke amaza omoya ama-high-frequency ageleze ngalo mandla. I-UI ephezulu kakhulu yenza i-CORE igcwale kalula, futhi kunzima kakhulu futhi kubiza ukuyikhiqiza.
Isinyathelo sesi-2 Thola impahla engu-CORE kanye noSIZE
Kusukela ezidingweni zokuklama ezingenhla, singakwazi ukwazi ukuthi i-inductor yemodi evamile idinga ukuba nzima ukuyigcwalisa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukhetha into ene-engeli ephansi ye-BH. Ngenxa yokuthi kudingeka inani eliphakeme le-inductance, inani le-ui lengqikithi kazibuthe kumele nalo libe phezulu, futhi kufanele libe Nokulahlekelwa okuyisisekelo okuphansi kanye nenani eliphakeme lama-Bs, impahla ye-Mn-Zn ferrite CORE okwamanje iyinto efaneleke kakhulu ye-CORE ehlangabezana ne ngenhla kwezimfuneko.
Ayikho imithetho ethile ku-COEE SIZE phakathi nomklamo. Empeleni, idinga kuphela ukuhlangabezana ne-inductance edingekayo futhi inciphise usayizi womkhiqizo oklanywe ngaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile lokulahlekelwa imvamisa ephansi.
Ngakho-ke, impahla ye-CORE kanye nokukhishwa kwe-SIZE kufanele kuhlolwe ngokusekelwe ezindlekweni, ekulahlekeni okuvunyelwe, indawo yokufaka, njll. Inani le-CORE elivame ukusetshenziswa lama-inductors emodi evamile liphakathi kuka-2000 no-10000. I-Iron Powder Core nayo inokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ephansi, ama-B aphezulu kanye nokuphansi. Isilinganiso se-engeli engu-BH, kodwa i-ui yayo iphansi, ngakho ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa kuma-inductors emodi evamile, kodwa lolu hlobo lomnyombo lungenye yama-inductors emodi evamile. Izinto ezikhethwayo.
Isinyathelo sesi-3 Thola inani lamajika angu-N kanye nobubanzi bocingo dw
Okokuqala thola ukucaciswa kwe-CORE. Isibonelo, kulesi sibonelo, T18*10*7, A10, AL = 8230±30%, bese:
N = √L / AL = √(3.07*106 ) / (8230*70%) = 23 TS
Ububanzi bocingo busekelwe ekumineni kwamanje okungu-3 ~ 5A/mm2. Uma isikhala sivuma, ukuminyana kwamanje kungakhethwa ngokuphansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Cabanga ukuthi okokufaka kwamanje I i = 1.2A kulesi sibonelo, thatha J = 4 A/mm2
Bese kuthi Aw = 1.2 / 4 = 0.3 mm2 Φ0.70 mm
I-inductor yemodi evamile yangempela kufanele ihlolwe ngamasampula wangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka komklamo, ngoba ukuhluka kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza kuzophinde kuholele ekuhlukeni kwemingcele ye-inductor futhi kuthinte umphumela wokuhlunga. Isibonelo, ukukhuphuka kwe-capacitance esabalalisiwe kuzodala umsindo we-high-frequency. Kulula ukudlulisa. I-asymmetry yama-windings amabili yenza umehluko we-inductance phakathi kwamaqembu amabili ube mkhulu, okwenza i-impedance ethile kusignali yemodi evamile.
Fingqa
1 >Umsebenzi we-inductor yemodi evamile ukuhlunga umsindo wemodi evamile emgqeni. Umklamo udinga ukuthi ama-windings amabili abe nesakhiwo esivumelana ngokuphelele kanye nemingcele efanayo kagesi.
2 >Umthamo osabalalisiwe we-inductor yemodi evamile unomthelela ongemuhle ekucindezelweni komsindo we-high-frequency futhi kufanele uncishiswe.
3 >Inani le-inductance le-inductor yemodi evamile lihlobene nebhande lokuvama komsindo elidinga ukuhlungwa kanye namandla afanayo. Inani le-inductance ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-2mH ~50 mH.
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